استرجاع مجاني وسهل
أفضل العروض
استرجاع مجاني وسهلأفضل العروض
| الناشر | Bloomsbury Publishing PLC |
| رقم الكتاب المعياري الدولي 10 | 1472833406 |
| اللغة | الإنجليزية |
| عن المؤلف | Gabriele Esposito is an Italian freelance author on military history, specialising in uniformology, who has written a number of titles for Osprey Publishing, Pen & Sword, Winged Hussar Publishing and Partizan Press, and is a regular contributor to many magazines such as Ancient Warfare, Medieval Warfare, Classic Arms & Militaria, Guerres et Histoire, History of War and Focus Storia Wars. He is Professor of Modern History at the Second University, Naples. |
| عدد الصفحات | 48 |
| رقم الكتاب المعياري الدولي 13 | 9781472833402 |
| تنسيق الكتاب | غلاف ورقي |
| وصف الكتاب | The great powers of medieval Europe fought continuously in the Italian peninsula between the 12th and 14th centuries as they sought to expand their territory. Invading armies from Germany - the Holy Roman Empire - saw the creation of the defensive Lombard League of northern Italian city-states. These struggles resulted in conflicts between rival confederacies, which in turn proved to be the catalysts for developments in organisation and tactics. Italian urban militias became better organised and equipped, the Imperial armies went from being mostly German to multi-national forces, and both sides became reliant on mercenary forces to prosecute their wars. |
| تاريخ النشر | 21/Feb/19 |
